Gareth Fabbro

Vulcanology, igneous petrology and geochemistry of silicic calderas

About Me
Research
Publications
Fieldtrips
Photography
Contact

Geol 194—Outcrop 3

Location: 9°33′08.4″N, 125°46′25.1″E

Overview

Close up

How big will a volcano’s next eruption be? I study the magmatic processes that occurred prior to previous eruptions in an attempt to answer that question.

Latest publications

17172 Fabbro items 1 5 date desc year 1 231 https://garethfabbro.rocks/wp-content/plugins/zotpress/

%7B%22status%22%3A%22success%22%2C%22updateneeded%22%3Afalse%2C%22instance%22%3A%22zotpress-d8d0cd02f02d45d77441ea57ebf5b8d7%22%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22request_last%22%3A0%2C%22request_next%22%3A0%2C%22used_cache%22%3Atrue%7D%2C%22data%22%3A%5B%7B%22key%22%3A%22EGR3Y8NI%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A17172%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Paguican%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-02-30%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPaguican%2C%20E.M.R.%2C%20Fabbro%2C%20G.N.%2C%20O%26%23x2019%3BHara%2C%20D.%2C%20Grosse%2C%20P.%2C%20Kervyn%2C%20M.%2C%202023.%20Drainage%20analysis%20of%20Philippine%20volcanoes%3A%20implications%20for%20their%20degradational%20evolution.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Download%27%20class%3D%27zp-DownloadURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fgarethfabbro.rocks%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.dl.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D17172%26amp%3Bdlkey%3DDI3F49VM%26amp%3Bcontent_type%3Dapplication%5C%2Fpdf%27%3EDownload%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Drainage%20analysis%20of%20Philippine%20volcanoes%3A%20implications%20for%20their%20degradational%20evolution%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Engielle%20Mae%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paguican%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gareth%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fabbro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Hara%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pablo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grosse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthieu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kervyn%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Understanding%20the%20processes%20that%20drive%20landscape%20evolution%20on%20volcanoes%20is%20important%20for%20hazard%20assessment.%20Much%20work%20has%20been%20done%20on%20the%20formation%20and%20growth%20of%20volcanoes%2C%20including%20on%20their%20eruptions%3B%20however%2C%20long-term%20degradational%20processes%20remain%20less%20well%20studied%2C%20despite%20the%20fact%20that%20these%20processes%20often%20induce%20catastrophic%20events%2C%20including%20landslides%2C%20flank%20collapses%2C%20and%20lahars.%20Degradation%20alters%20the%20shape%20of%20volcanoes%2C%20leaving%20long-lasting%20signatures%20on%20their%20morphology.%20Analyzing%20the%20shapes%20of%20volcanic%20edifices%20thus%20can%20be%20used%20to%20interpret%20the%20erosional%20patterns%20and%20degradational%20evolution%2C%20and%20understand%20the%20processes%20that%20sculpt%20them.%5CnThe%20Philippines%20has%20many%20volcanoes%20at%20different%20evolutionary%20stages%2C%20which%2C%20taken%20as%20a%20whole%2C%20provide%20a%20snapshot%20of%20the%20whole%20life%20cycle%20of%20a%20volcano.%20We%20apply%20quantitative%20analysis%20using%20the%20DrainageVolc%20algorithm%20to%2030-m%20resolution%20Shuttle%20Radar%20Topography%20Mission%20digital%20elevation%20models%20of%20~180%20volcanoes%20in%20the%20Philippines%20to%20generate%20quantitative%20descriptions%20of%20the%20drainage%20basins%20on%20each%20edifice.%20The%20results%20of%20these%20analyses%20are%20compiled%20and%20combined%20with%20a%20previously%20published%20database%20of%20volcano%20morphometry%20produced%20using%20MorVolc.%20This%20allows%20us%20to%20characterise%20the%20interactions%20between%20the%20morphometry%20of%20the%20edifices%20and%20the%20shapes%20of%20their%20drainage%20basins%2C%20and%20investigate%20the%20erosional%20processes%20that%20occur%20on%20tropical%20island%20arc%20volcanoes%20and%20how%20these%20shape%20volcanic%20landscapes.%20As%20volcanoes%20evolve%2C%20large%20basins%20develop%20that%20disrupt%20the%20symmetrical%2C%20radial%20arrangement%20of%20basins.%20This%20provides%20new%20insights%20into%20the%20degradation%20processes%20that%20occur%20during%20and%20after%20the%20development%20of%20volcanoes%2C%20offering%20new%20methods%20for%20reconstructing%20volcano%20histories%20and%20aiding%20hazard%20assessment%20in%20volcanic%20regions.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2230%20January-3%20February%202023%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-19T17%3A15%3A16Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%227UWCQXRK%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A17172%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Paguican%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-02-30%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPaguican%2C%20E.M.R.%2C%20Fabbro%2C%20G.N.%2C%20O%26%23x2019%3BHara%2C%20D.%2C%20Grosse%2C%20P.%2C%20van%20Wees%2C%20R.%2C%20Kervyn%2C%20M.%2C%202023.%20Insights%20into%20volcano%20degradation%20from%20analogue%20modelling%3A%20interactions%20between%20basin%20development%20and%20morphology%20through%20time.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Download%27%20class%3D%27zp-DownloadURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fgarethfabbro.rocks%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.dl.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D17172%26amp%3Bdlkey%3DWX3EARMK%26amp%3Bcontent_type%3Dapplication%5C%2Fpdf%27%3EDownload%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Insights%20into%20volcano%20degradation%20from%20analogue%20modelling%3A%20interactions%20between%20basin%20development%20and%20morphology%20through%20time%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Engielle%20Mae%20R.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Paguican%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gareth%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fabbro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Daniel%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22O%27Hara%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Pablo%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Grosse%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Roos%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22van%20Wees%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Matthieu%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Kervyn%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Volcanoes%20undergo%20topographic%20changes%20after%20formation.%20Bare%2C%20undissected%2C%20morphologically%20young%20volcanoes%20transform%20into%20vegetated%20landscapes%20with%20deeply%20entrenched%20gullies%20and%20erosional%20valleys%20as%20their%20flanks%20become%20less%20permeable.%20This%20in%20turn%20alters%20the%20way%20water%20moves%20across%20the%20surface%20and%20through%20the%20subsurface.%20How%20this%20alteration%20and%20subsequent%20erosional%20degradation%20happens%20is%20not%20well%20understood.%5CnUsing%20a%20combination%20of%20experimental%20and%20numerical%20techniques%2C%20we%20investigate%20how%20drainage%20basins%20and%20the%20overall%20morphology%20of%20volcanic%20edifices%20change%20as%20they%20are%20affected%20by%20surface%20runoff%20and%20mass%20movements%20triggered%20by%20precipitation.%20We%20also%20study%20the%20interaction%20between%20basin%20development%20and%20morphology%2C%20to%20explore%20how%20these%20evolve%20through%20time.%20We%20designed%20analogue%20experiments%20that%20permit%20the%20observation%20of%20sediment%20erosion%20and%20transport%20processes%20on%20volcanic%20edifices%2C%20allowing%20the%20quantitative%20measurement%20of%20erosion-based%20degradation.%20A%20range%20of%20composite%20granular%20material%20was%20used%20to%20build%20analogue%20volcanoes%2C%20a%20rainfall%20system%20was%20used%20to%20simulate%20long%20term%20precipitation%2C%20and%20a%20camera%20system%20was%20used%20to%20record%20the%20processes%20and%20the%20changing%20landscape.%20Qualitative%20observations%20from%20timelapse%20photographs%20reveal%20the%20erosional%20processes%20that%20occur%20and%20the%20evolution%20of%20the%20surface%20throughout%20the%20experiment.%20Surface%20changes%20in%20digital%20elevation%20model%20timeseries%20derived%20from%20the%20analogue%20volcanoes%20are%20then%20quantitatively%20analysed%2C%20including%20numerical%20and%20statistical%20analyses%20with%20the%20Morvolc%20and%20DrainageVolc%20algorithms%2C%20to%20measure%20erosion%2C%20drainage%20basin%20development%2C%20and%20the%20morphological%20evolution%20of%20volcanoes.%20Morvolc%20generates%20measurements%20of%20landform-scale%20edifice%20morphology%2C%20while%20DrainageVolc%20generates%20quantitative%20descriptions%20of%20the%20drainage%20basins%20on%20each%20volcanic%20edifice.%20Using%20these%20data%2C%20the%20erosion%20rate%20and%20basin%20dynamics%20through%20the%20lifetime%20of%20a%20volcano%20can%20be%20described.%20This%20methodology%20opens%20new%20perspectives%20for%20understanding%20the%20development%20and%20evolution%20of%20drainage%20patterns%20on%20volcanoes%2C%20including%20the%20formation%20of%20asymmetric%20drainage%20and%20large%20valleys%2C%20and%20its%20impact%20on%20the%20overall%20morphology%20of%20edifices.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2230%20January-3%20February%202023%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-19T17%3A14%3A57Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QLKM2CAF%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A17172%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fabbro%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023-02-30%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFabbro%2C%20G.N.%2C%20McKee%2C%20C.O.%2C%20Sindang%2C%20M.E.%2C%20Oalmann%2C%20J.A.%2C%20Bouvet%20de%20Maisonneuve%2C%20C.%2C%202023.%20The%20evolution%20of%20a%20hyperactive%20caldera%3A%20A%20record%20of%20magma%20storage%20across%20the%20caldera%20cycle%20at%20Rabaul%2C%20Papua%20New%20Guinea.%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Download%27%20class%3D%27zp-DownloadURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fgarethfabbro.rocks%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.dl.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D17172%26amp%3Bdlkey%3DSV96Z85F%26amp%3Bcontent_type%3Dapplication%5C%2Fpdf%27%3EDownload%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22The%20evolution%20of%20a%20hyperactive%20caldera%3A%20A%20record%20of%20magma%20storage%20across%20the%20caldera%20cycle%20at%20Rabaul%2C%20Papua%20New%20Guinea%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gareth%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fabbro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chris%20O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McKee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mikhail%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sindang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oalmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caroline%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bouvet%20de%20Maisonneuve%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Many%20calderas%20show%20cycles%20of%20large%2C%20explosive%20eruptions%20interspersed%20with%20minor%20activity.%20Despite%20improvements%20in%20our%20ability%20to%20forecasting%20the%20onset%20of%20eruptions%2C%20it%20is%20still%20difficult%20to%20forecast%20their%20sizes.%20To%20address%20this%2C%20we%20focused%20on%20Rabaul%2C%20Papua%20New%20Guinea%2C%20where%20at%20least%204%20large%20ignimbrites%20have%20been%20erupted%20over%20the%20last%2020%20ky%20alongside%20numerous%20smaller%20eruptions.%20Our%20data%20spans%20a%20complete%20caldera%20cycle%2C%20from%20the%20penultimate%20%28~10.5-ka%20Vunabugbug%20Ignimbrite%29%20to%20the%20most%20recent%20%28~1.4-ka%20Rabaul%20Pyroclastics%29%20caldera-forming%20eruptions.%20%5CnWe%20present%20whole-rock%2C%20glass%20and%20groundmass%2C%20and%20mineral%20chemistry%20data%20from%20the%202%20climactic%20eruptions%2C%2012%20minor%20inter-caldera%20eruptions%2C%20and%203%20minor%20eruptions%20from%20the%20most%20recent%20cycle.%20A%20total%20of%20%3E4%2C300%20analyses%20allow%20a%20detailed%20reconstruction%20of%20the%20long-term%20evolution%20of%20the%20sub-caldera%20plumbing%20system.%20Whole-rock%20and%20groundmass%20compositions%20range%20from%20basalt%20to%20dacite.%20The%20caldera-forming%20dacites%20were%20stored%20at%20930%5Cu2013950%20%5Cu00b0C%20and%20%3C250%5Cu2013350%20MPa%2C%20the%20inter-caldera%20basalts%20were%20stored%20at%201060%5Cu20131150%20%5Cu00b0C%20and%20at%20a%20wide%20range%20of%20pressures%20%28mostly%20100%5Cu2013350%20MPa%2C%20with%20some%20crystals%20recording%20greater%20depths%29%2C%20and%20the%20inter-%20and%20post-caldera%20dacites%20were%20stored%20at%20920%5Cu2013980%20%5Cu00b0C%20and%20pressures%20of%20%3C100%20MPa.%5CnAfter%20the%20Vunabugbug%20caldera-forming%20eruption%2C%20and%20after%20the%20largest%20inter-caldera%20eruption%2C%20basalt%20was%20free%20to%20reach%20the%20surface%20from%20vents%20outside%20of%20the%20caldera.%20As%20a%20dacitic%20reservoir%20developed%2C%20basalt%20was%20prevented%20from%20reaching%20surface%20due%20to%20rheological%20contrast%20or%20the%20stress%20imposed%20by%20the%20reservoir.%20It%20is%20not%20clear%20whether%20the%20minor%20eruptions%20tapped%20the%20growing%20caldera-forming%20reservoir%2C%20but%20they%20were%20stored%20at%20more%20shallow%20depths%20before%20erupting%20within%20the%20caldera.%20Currently%2C%20basalt%20can%20make%20it%20to%20the%20surface%20again%2C%20as%20enclaves%20and%20hybrid%20andesites%20also%20erupted%20within%20the%20caldera.%20This%20implies%20that%20a%20large%2C%20dacitic%20melt%20body%20does%20not%20currently%20exist%20beneath%20Rabaul.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%2230%20January-3%20February%202023%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-03-19T17%3A10%3A24Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%2268T8GWCW%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A17172%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Polo-S%5Cu00e1nchez%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A1%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EPolo-S%26%23xE1%3Bnchez%2C%20A.%2C%20Flaherty%2C%20T.%2C%20Herv%26%23xE9%3B%2C%20G.%2C%20Druitt%2C%20T.%2C%20Fabbro%2C%20G.N.%2C%20Nomikou%2C%20P.%2C%20Balcone-Boissard%2C%20H.%2C%202023.%20Tracking%20timescales%20of%20magma%20reservoir%20recharge%20through%20caldera%20cycles%20at%20Santorini%20%28Greece%29.%20Emphasis%20on%20an%20explosive%20eruption%20of%20Kameni%20Volcano.%20Frontiers%20in%20Earth%20Science%2011%2C%201128083.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffeart.2023.1128083%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffeart.2023.1128083%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%20%3Ca%20title%3D%27Download%27%20class%3D%27zp-DownloadURL%27%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fgarethfabbro.rocks%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fzotpress%5C%2Flib%5C%2Frequest%5C%2Frequest.dl.php%3Fapi_user_id%3D17172%26amp%3Bdlkey%3DRE5EFUKN%26amp%3Bcontent_type%3Dapplication%5C%2Fpdf%27%3EDownload%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22journalArticle%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Tracking%20timescales%20of%20magma%20reservoir%20recharge%20through%20caldera%20cycles%20at%20Santorini%20%28Greece%29.%20Emphasis%20on%20an%20explosive%20eruption%20of%20Kameni%20Volcano%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Antonio%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Polo-S%5Cu00e1nchez%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Taya%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Flaherty%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Garance%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Herv%5Cu00e9%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Tim%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Druitt%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gareth%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fabbro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Paraskevi%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Nomikou%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22author%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Hel%5Cu00e8ne%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Balcone-Boissard%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Pre-eruptive%20processes%20and%20their%20timescales%20are%20critical%20information%20for%20risk%20management%20at%20explosive%20volcanoes%2C%20and%20Santorini%20caldera%20%28Greece%29%20provides%20an%20excellent%20context%20in%20which%20to%20approach%20this%20subject.%20We%20ask%20two%20questions.%20First%2C%20are%20pre-eruptive%20processes%20the%20same%20for%20small%20and%20big%20eruptions%3F%20To%20investigate%2C%20we%20performed%20a%20multi-mineral%20diffusion%20timescale%20study%20of%20a%20small%20explosive%20eruption%20of%20Kameni%20Volcano%20and%20compared%20the%20results%20with%20those%20published%20for%20larger%20caldera-forming%20eruptions%20at%20Santorini.%20The%20Kameni%20dacite%20resembles%20products%20of%20larger%20eruptions%20in%20being%20crystal-poor%2C%20containing%20plagioclase%20with%20antecrystic%20cores%20and%20autocrystic%20rims%2C%20bearing%20orthopyroxene%20with%20sector%20zoning%20and%20phantom%20skeletal%20morphologies%2C%20and%20showing%20evidence%20for%20mixing%20of%20different%20silicic%20magmas%20prior%20to%20eruption.%20Diffusion%20timescales%20from%20Mg-Fe%20profiles%20in%20orthopyroxene%20and%20clinopyroxene%20phenocrysts%20are%20%3C1%5Cu201323%5Cu00a0years%2C%20and%20Mg%20diffusion%20modelling%20in%20plagioclase%20gives%20%3C10%5Cu00a0years.%20Our%20physical%20model%20for%20the%20Kameni%20eruption%20is%20similar%20to%20those%20proposed%20for%20larger%20eruptions%2C%20where%20silicic%20melt%20produced%20in%20gabbroic%20to%20dioritic%20lower%20to%20middle%20crustal%20mush%20bodies%20is%20transferred%20%28along%20with%20entrained%20mafic%20magma%29%20to%20an%20upper%20crustal%20reservoir.%20Crystals%20grow%20in%20the%20hydrous%20silicic%20melts%20due%20to%20decompression%2C%20cooling%2C%20and%20magma%20mixing%20during%20ascent%20and%20injection%20into%20upper%20crust.%20We%20propose%20that%20large%20eruptions%20are%20preceded%20by%20similar%20processes%20as%20small%20ones%2C%20but%20on%20a%20larger%20scale.%20Our%20second%20question%3A%20do%20diffusion%20timescales%20relate%20to%20eruptive%20volume%20or%20position%20in%20a%20caldera%20cycle%3F%20For%20this%2C%20we%20obtained%20orthopyroxene%20Mg-Fe%20diffusion%20timescales%20for%20three%20additional%20eruptions%2C%20growing%20our%20orthopyroxene%20timescale%20database%20to%20seven%20eruptions%20of%20different%20sizes%20and%20cycle%20timings.%20No%20clear%20relationship%20exists%20between%20diffusion%20timescale%20and%20volume%3B%20however%2C%20timescales%20are%20systematically%20shorter%20%28%3C0.01%5Cu201310%5Cu00a0years%29%20early%20in%20a%20cycle%20and%20longer%20%281%5Cu20135%2C000%5Cu00a0years%29%20late%20in%20a%20cycle.%20Thermal%20maturation%20and%20H2O-flushing%20of%20the%20crustal%20magma%20reservoir%20through%20the%20caldera%20cycle%20could%20explain%20this%2C%20as%20the%20reservoir%20would%20change%20from%20a%20rigid%20to%20more%20mushy%20state%20as%20the%20cycle%20progresses.%20This%20would%20change%20the%20mechanical%20response%20to%20melt%20input%20and%20allow%20accumulation%20of%20progressively%20larger%20melt%20layers%20in%20the%20upper%20crust%2C%20resulting%20in%20increasing%20crystal%20residence%20times.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222023%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22%22%2C%22DOI%22%3A%2210.3389%5C%2Ffeart.2023.1128083%22%2C%22ISSN%22%3A%222296-6463%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%5C%2Farticles%5C%2F10.3389%5C%2Ffeart.2023.1128083%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222023-07-02T15%3A44%3A54Z%22%7D%7D%2C%7B%22key%22%3A%22QRXPRRWE%22%2C%22library%22%3A%7B%22id%22%3A17172%7D%2C%22meta%22%3A%7B%22creatorSummary%22%3A%22Fabbro%20et%20al.%22%2C%22parsedDate%22%3A%222021-04-26%22%2C%22numChildren%22%3A0%7D%2C%22bib%22%3A%22%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-bib-body%5C%22%20style%3D%5C%22line-height%3A%201.35%3B%20padding-left%3A%201em%3B%20text-indent%3A-1em%3B%5C%22%3E%5Cn%20%20%3Cdiv%20class%3D%5C%22csl-entry%5C%22%3EFabbro%2C%20G.N.%2C%20McKee%2C%20C.O.%2C%20Sindang%2C%20M.E.%2C%20Oalmann%2C%20J.A.%2C%20Bouvet%20de%20Maisonneuve%2C%20C.%2C%202021.%20Tracking%20reservoir%20dynamics%20across%20a%20complete%20caldera%20cycle%20at%20Rabaul%2C%20Papua%20New%20Guinea.%20%3Ca%20href%3D%27https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Fegusphere-egu21-13867%27%3Ehttps%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Fegusphere-egu21-13867%3C%5C%2Fa%3E%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fdiv%3E%22%2C%22data%22%3A%7B%22itemType%22%3A%22presentation%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Tracking%20reservoir%20dynamics%20across%20a%20complete%20caldera%20cycle%20at%20Rabaul%2C%20Papua%20New%20Guinea%22%2C%22creators%22%3A%5B%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Gareth%20N.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Fabbro%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Chris%20O.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22McKee%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Mikhail%20E.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Sindang%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Jeffrey%20A.%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Oalmann%22%7D%2C%7B%22creatorType%22%3A%22presenter%22%2C%22firstName%22%3A%22Caroline%22%2C%22lastName%22%3A%22Bouvet%20de%20Maisonneuve%22%7D%5D%2C%22abstractNote%22%3A%22Caldera-forming%20eruptions%20are%20some%20of%20the%20most%20devastating%20events%20on%20Earth%3B%20however%2C%20the%20volcanoes%20that%20produce%20these%20eruptions%20frequently%20have%20much%20more%20minor%20activity.%20Knowing%20if%20a%20restless%20caldera%20is%20currently%20primed%20for%20a%20large%20eruption%2C%20therefore%2C%20has%20important%20implications%20for%20hazard%20assessment%20and%20risk%20management.%20Many%20calderas%2C%20including%20Rabaul%20in%20Papua%20New%20Guinea%2C%20show%20cycles%20of%20activity%20with%20multiple%20caldera-forming%20eruptions%20interspersed%20with%20more%20minor%20activity.%20We%20present%20data%20that%20spans%20an%20entire%20cycle%2C%20from%20one%20caldera-forming%20eruption%20to%20the%20next%20and%20estimate%20the%20storage%20conditions%20for%20each%20eruption.%20The%20last%20complete%20caldera%20cycle%20of%20Rabaul%20started%20at%20~10.5%20ka%2C%20with%20the%20eruption%20of%20the%20dacitic%20Vunabugbug%20Ignimbrite.%20Following%20the%20Vunabugbug%2C%20little%20volcanic%20activity%20was%20preserved%20until%20~4.4%20ka%2C%20suggesting%20either%20a%20period%20quiescence%20or%20destruction%20and%20burial%20during%20the%20subsequent%20caldera-forming%20eruptions%20of%20the%20region.%20From%204.4%20ka%2C%20there%20is%20an%20increase%20in%20the%20volume%20and%20SiO2%20contents%20of%20volcanic%20deposits%20that%20are%20preserved%2C%20which%20culminated%20in%20the%20eruption%20of%20the%20dacitic%20Memorial%20Ignimbrite%20at%20~4.1%20ka.%20The%20Memorial%20Ignimbrite%20was%20smaller%20than%20the%20Vunabugbug%20Ignimbrite%20and%20Rabaul%20Pyroclastics%20and%20may%20not%20have%20formed%20a%20caldera%3B%20however%2C%20it%20does%20appear%20to%20have%20altered%20the%20plumbing%20system%20and%20allowed%20deeper%2C%20hotter%20basalts%20to%20reach%20the%20surface.%20Following%20the%20eruption%20of%20these%20basalts%2C%20the%20system%20gradually%20evolves%20towards%20more%20silicic%20magmas%2C%20until%20the%20eruption%20of%20the%20dacitic%20Rabaul%20Pyroclastics%20at%20~1.4%20ka.%20After%20the%20Rabaul%20Pyroclastics%20hotter%2C%20more%20mafic%20magmas%20can%20again%20reach%20the%20surface%2C%20both%20as%20more%20mafic%20lava%20flows%20and%20as%20hybrid%20andesites%20that%20contain%20crystal%20cargos%20transported%20from%20deeper%20in%20the%20system.%5Cn%5CnTwo-pyroxene%2C%20clinopyroxene%5Cu2013liquid%20and%20plagioclase%5Cu2013liquid%20thermobarometers%20suggest%20that%20the%20dacites%2C%20including%20those%20erupted%20during%20the%20caldera-forming%20eruptions%2C%20were%20stored%20at%20pressures%20of%20~1%20kbar%20%28~4%20km%20depth%29%20and%20at%20temperatures%20of%20~930%20%5Cu00b0C.%20There%20is%20a%20tight%20relationship%20between%20the%20temperature%20and%20the%20SiO2%20content%20of%20the%20magmas%2C%20with%20the%20basalts%20erupted%20after%20the%20large%20ignimbrites%20recording%20temperatures%20of%20up%20to%201100%20%5Cu00b0C.%20Some%20of%20the%20more%20mafic%20magmas%20also%20record%20deeper%20storage%2C%20at%20pressures%20of%203%5Cu20134%20kbar%20%2811%5Cu201315%20km%29.%20Plagioclase%5Cu2013liquid%20pairs%20suggest%20melt%20H2O%20contents%20of%20~2.8%20wt.%25%20for%20the%20dacites%2C%20although%20some%20of%20the%20more%20mafic%20magmas%20have%20slightly%20higher%20melt%20H2O%20contents%20%283.2%5Cu20134.0%20wt.%25%29%5Cu2014this%20may%20be%20because%20the%20basalts%20were%20saturated%20and%20stored%20at%20greater%20pressures.%20Magnetite%5Cu2013liquid%20pairs%20record%20relatively%20constant%20oxygen%20fugacities%20of%20~1.2%20log%20units%20above%20the%20FMQ%20buffer.%5Cn%5CnAt%20Rabaul%20it%20would%20take%20on%20the%20order%20of%20a%20few%20millennia%20to%20differentiate%20or%20accumulate%20enough%20dacitic%20magma%20to%20produce%20a%20large%20explosive%20eruption.%20The%20eruption%20of%20highly%20evolved%2C%20crystal-poor%2C%20cold%2C%20hydrous%20magmas%20geochemically%20similar%20to%20those%20erupted%20prior%20to%20the%20Memorial%20Ignimbrite%20and%20Rabaul%20Pyroclastics%20may%20provide%20a%20warning%20of%20an%20impending%20large%20explosive%20eruption.%22%2C%22date%22%3A%222021-04-26%22%2C%22url%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fdoi.org%5C%2F10.5194%5C%2Fegusphere-egu21-13867%22%2C%22language%22%3A%22en%22%2C%22collections%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22dateModified%22%3A%222021-05-19T06%3A31%3A21Z%22%7D%7D%5D%7D

Paguican, E.M.R., Fabbro, G.N., O’Hara, D., Grosse, P., Kervyn, M., 2023. Drainage analysis of Philippine volcanoes: implications for their degradational evolution. Download

Paguican, E.M.R., Fabbro, G.N., O’Hara, D., Grosse, P., van Wees, R., Kervyn, M., 2023. Insights into volcano degradation from analogue modelling: interactions between basin development and morphology through time. Download

Fabbro, G.N., McKee, C.O., Sindang, M.E., Oalmann, J.A., Bouvet de Maisonneuve, C., 2023. The evolution of a hyperactive caldera: A record of magma storage across the caldera cycle at Rabaul, Papua New Guinea. Download

Polo-Sánchez, A., Flaherty, T., Hervé, G., Druitt, T., Fabbro, G.N., Nomikou, P., Balcone-Boissard, H., 2023. Tracking timescales of magma reservoir recharge through caldera cycles at Santorini (Greece). Emphasis on an explosive eruption of Kameni Volcano. Frontiers in Earth Science 11, 1128083. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1128083 Download

Fabbro, G.N., McKee, C.O., Sindang, M.E., Oalmann, J.A., Bouvet de Maisonneuve, C., 2021. Tracking reservoir dynamics across a complete caldera cycle at Rabaul, Papua New Guinea. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-13867